Introduction to Composing Layouts in React

Welcome to Composing Layouts in React

Introduction

Using CSS in this age of components is difficult, especially where web layout is concerned.  In this module, you will learn the rules to be able to build composable layouts.

CSS in the Age of Components

Complex layouts can be broken down into smaller layout primitives that can be combined to build more complex structures.  Thinking compositionally will open up a more practical and reusable way of creating layouts on the web.

What is Layout Composition? A React Layout Primitives Guide

Knowing where to place your styles is critical to understanding composable layouts.  Using the Principles of Encapsulated CSS you will know exactly how to apply your layout styles in your components.

Encapsulated CSS - How to Apply CSS in a Composable Way

In the lesson, you will learn about Normal Flow and what patterns you can use to apply the principle of Encapsulated CSS in the context of Normal Flow.

Normal Document Flow in HTML, CSS, and React

You will learn the basics of CSS Flexbox and CSS Grid, especially which properties conform to the Encapsulated CSS principles and which ones do not.

CSS Grid vs Flexbox for Composable Layouts

In this lesson you will learn how to reset the default browser styles so that they follow Encapsulated CSS.

How to Add a CSS Reset to Remove Default Browser Style

Composable Layouts

What are Layout Spacers?

The Stack layout pattern is one of the most simple and common layout patterns on the web.  In this lesson, you will learn how to build the Stack primitive and how to make it configurable for your situation

How to Build a Stacked Component Layout in React

The layout challenge that is as old as the web itself is putting two items next to each other. In this lesson, you will learn how to build the Split primitive to solve this problem.

How to Build a Split Pane Layout in React

Having a column-based grid system to lay our elements out on is very useful, which is why Bootstrap and other CSS frameworks are built on that model.  In this lesson, you will learn how to build the Columns primitive and its helper the Column to build your custom column layout.

How to Build React Grid Layouts With Custom Column Numbers

Building an inherently responsive grid of items has been reduced down into a single line of CSS.  In this lesson, you will learn how to build the Grid primitive that easily lets us achieve this layout.

How to Build a React Responsive Grid Layout

Text in a paragraph is one of the best examples of "responsive by default."  Text will wrap and cluster according to the text alignment.  In this lesson, we will learn how to achieve that same effect using the InlineCluster primitive.

How to Build Responsive React Text Elements With InlineCluster

Clustering is one way to do responsive inline layouts, but sometimes we want to switch the direction that the items are flowing when we cross a certain threshold.  In this lesson, we will learn how to build the Inline primitive that does just that.

How to Add Inline Styling to React Components

Layout Primitives - The Spacers

Introduction to layout wrapper primitives

Introduction to Layout Wrapper Primitives

In this lesson, you will learn how to build the PadBox primitive and use it in a Pricing Plan component.

How to Build a Pricing Page Widget in React With PadBox

In this lesson, we will be creating a Center layout primitive that centers itself and its children.

Automatically Center Text DIVs with React Center Component

In this lesson, we will build the Frame primitive, which frames out a visual media, like an image or video,  and forces it into the aspect ratio needed for the design without distorting the image.

Resize Images And Maintain Aspect Ratio in React and CSS

In this lesson, we will learn how to build the Cover primitive, which will vertically center its children and allow you to inject a top or a bottom section around it.

How to Vertically Center a DIV in React With CSS

Let's revisit the Hero section from Module 1 and build it for real using the primitives we have learned.

How to Build Accessible Navigation Divs in React

Layout Primitives - The Wrappers

Introduction to The Settings Pages

This lesson is going to focus on getting the menu and header completed on our mock Settings Page

How to Build a React Navbar With a Menu and Header

This lesson will focus on getting the main section with the sidebar navigation for our Settings page.

How to Build a React Sidebar Menu

In this lesson, we will be focusing on the profile pane.

How to Build a Profile Settings Page in React

In this lesson, we will be finishing the Settings page by completing the privacy pane.

How to Build a Privacy Page with Toggle Buttons in React

Composing Layouts in Practice

Bonus Lessons Introduction

In this lesson, you will learn how to build the ColumnDrop primitive and use it to layout BlogPost cards.

The ColumnDrop Component

The Reel Component

Bonus Lessons

CSS layout has grown and evolved into a robust set of tools to accomplish some fantastic modern layouts.
The problem is that we are still teaching CSS as something that is" hacked" together by using" tricks" to get our desired web layouts.
Learning CSS like this typically leads us down one of two paths: We either build fragile page layouts using 
the "see what sticks" method of CSS, or we give up and declare that CSS is too tricky and bring in an X column grid system like Twitter Bootstrap.

Creating page layouts in CSS doesn't have to be complicated. Like how you make much of your everyday speech using just a small 
subset of vocabulary composed together, you can achieve sophisticated layouts by composing simple low-level layout primitives in unique ways.

In this course, you will learn foundational layout primitives that you can use to build many of your more complex layouts. You will also learn 
how to apply the principle of "Encapsulated CSS" to both extend these primitives as well as to create custom layout primitives. To do this, we 
will recreate many of the layouts found in the wild using the principles mentioned above.

This course does not require extensive knowledge of CSS. It does assume that you have a basic understanding of the CSS box model, CSS specificity, 
CSS selectors, and CSS sizing units. Though you can apply the principles in this course to any modern web framework, including no framework 
development, this course will be using React and assume you have a basic understanding of React, JSX, and React hooks.

Composing Layout in React is for both novice and experienced developers who want to take their layout skills to the next level. This course will 
teach you the practical skills you need to build modern layouts for the web without depending on heavy CSS frameworks. Unlike courses and blog 
posts that teach each layout property in isolation, our product teaches practical layout patterns that you can use every day when solving your 
layout challenges.

In this course we show you how to build complex layouts in React by composing just a few foundational layout primitives.
Along the way you will learn modern CSS Layout tools like Normal Flow, Flexbox, and Grid.

Composing Layouts in React

What it means to compose layouts and why you should do it

How to apply the principles of Encapsualted CSS in our React components

The foundational layout primitives that every developer should know

In the previous module, we focused on primitives that create space between elements. These primitives probably do most of the heavy lifting, but they don't cover all the basic layout scenarios. In this module we are going to learn how to create what I like to call the "wrapper" primitives. These primitives wrap other components to produce basic layouts.

We have already shown that it is common to pair our primitives with other primitives. Many times we can compose them in as children, like the second version of our Menu component in lesson 6 of the previous module. In that component we used the InlineCluster primitive inside of the Inline primitive to create the desired look:

export default function MenuBar() {
  return (
    <MenuContainer>
      <Inline stretch={1} align="center" switchAt="40rem">
        <div>
          <Logo />
        </div>
        <InlineCluster gutter="md" justify="center" align="center">
          <span>Product</span>
          <span>Features</span>
          <span>Marketplace</span>
          <span>Company</span>
        </InlineCluster>
        <Inline gutter="md" align="center" justify="end">
          <span>Sign in</span>
          <Button>Sign up</Button>
        </Inline>
      </Inline>
    </MenuContainer>
  );
}

However, sometimes the primitives need to be at the same level and can't be nested to create the desired layout. This is especially true when working with the wrapper primitives. To achieve this pairing in such cases, I would highly recommend the 

 prop pattern, (also known as polymorphic React). The 

 prop pattern lets us write code like this:

---
title: Introduction to Layout Wrapper Primitives
slug: intro-to-wrappers
description: Introduction to layout wrapper primitives
isPublicLesson: false
privateVideoUrl: https://fullstack.wistia.com/medias/ppwwetpaqz
useMdx: true
code: https://gitlab.com/fullstackio/books/newline-course-apps/travis-waith-mair-composing-layout-in-react-app/-/tree/main/code/module_04/lesson_04.00/App?ref_type=heads
---

In the previous module, we focused on primitives that create space between elements. These primitives probably do most of the heavy lifting, but they don't cover all the basic layout scenarios. In this module we are going to learn how to create what I like to call the "wrapper" primitives. These primitives wrap other components to produce basic layouts.

## The `as` prop pattern

We have already shown that it is common to pair our primitives with other primitives. Many times we can compose them in as children, like the second version of our Menu component in lesson 6 of the previous module. In that component we used the InlineCluster primitive inside of the Inline primitive to create the desired look:

```jsx { actualFilename=../../module_03/lesson_03.06/protected/inline-final.js endLine=56 startLine=36 url=https&#x3A;//gitlab.com/fullstackio/books/composing-layouts-in-react/module_04/lesson_04.00/.../module_03/lesson_03.06/protected/inline-final.js#L36 }
export default function MenuBar() {
  return (
    <MenuContainer>
      <Inline stretch={1} align="center" switchAt="40rem">
        <div>
          <Logo />
        </div>
        <InlineCluster gutter="md" justify="center" align="center">
          <span>Product</span>
          <span>Features</span>
          <span>Marketplace</span>
          <span>Company</span>
        </InlineCluster>
        <Inline gutter="md" align="center" justify="end">
          <span>Sign in</span>
          <Button>Sign up</Button>
        </Inline>
      </Inline>
    </MenuContainer>
  );
}
```

Travis Waith-Mair

Hey everybody, Travis here with another lesson in composing layouts in React.

In this module we are going to talk about the wrappers.

Now in the previous module we focused on primitives that create space between

These primitives probably do most of the heavy lifting, but they don't cover

In this module we are going to learn how to create what I like to call the

These primitives wrap other components to produce the layouts we desire.

Now we've already shown that it's common to pair our primitives with other prim

Many times we can compose them in as children like in the second version of our

In that component we use the inline cluster primitive inside the inline

However, sometimes the primitives need to be at the same level and can't be

This is especially true when working with wrapper primitives.

To achieve this pairing in such cases I would like to recommend using the as

The as prop pattern lets us write code like this.

The above code uses a center primitive, which we will learn about in this

also has the same capabilities as a stack.

In many cases you can also flip that around and have a stack as a center.

If you're not familiar with the as prop pattern it's very simple to implement.

In the above code we're deconstructuring, sorry, the as prop from the rest of

releasing it to capital as and giving it a default value of div.

We are then using the as as our component.

This allows us to not just accept any element name, but any component that we

We're going to have a button or we can have it be a pad box.

This pattern allows us to inject a component that is already good at something

component that is good at something else.

We're going to have one component that is good at both of them.

Luckily for us, if you are using style components, you don't need to implement

Style components has already implemented it for us.

In the next few lessons we are going to be using this pattern as we learn how