Tutorials on Supabase

Ever wished you could give your users access to specific data in your Supabase database, but not everything? Imagine a social media app where users can only see posts from their friends, or a project management tool where team members can only access tasks assigned to them. This is the power of Row Level Security (RLS) ! Why RLS is Your Data Guardian Traditional security relies on application-level checks, which can be cumbersome and prone to loopholes. RLS takes a different approach, acting as a gatekeeper at the database level. Here's how it empowers you: Supabase is known for its blazing-fast realtime features. But imagine combining that with RLS! You can create dynamic dashboards or collaborative applications where users only see updates relevant to them. This reduces unnecessary data transfer and keeps your app lightning-fast. Building a Secure and Scalable Future Supabase simplifies RLS with user-friendly tools and built-in integration with Auth. Whether you're building a social media app, a customer portal, or an internal collaboration tool, RLS ensures your data is always in the right hands. Ready to take your Supabase project to the next level of security and performance? Dive deeper into RLS with the official documentation: Link to Supabase RLS Documentation With Supabase RLS, you can empower your users and safeguard your data, all within a powerful and scalable platform. Let's build something amazing together! In today's data-driven world, security is paramount. Supabase RLS empowers you to build applications with confidence, knowing your users can only access the data they're authorized to see. Whether you're a seasoned developer or just starting out, RLS makes it easy to implement robust security measures. So, embrace the power of granular control and unlock a new level of security and performance for your Supabase projects!

In the thriving world of Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) platforms, developers have a host of options. Today, we'll focus on two popular platforms, Supabase and Convex . Both of these BaaS providers offer an array of features to aid in web application development. We'll dive into the similarities and differences, the advantages of each, and when to use each platform. My aim with this article is to help you make an informed decision on the best platform for your real-time project. Supabase and Convex share several key features: Choosing between these platforms depends on the specific requirements and priorities of your project: A comparison table to further illustrate the differences between Supabase and Convex : Database Type : NoSQL (with schema enforcement) Schema Definition : Defined through TypeScript code Developer Experience : Focuses on automation and reducing boilerplate Query Language : Simplified, JavaScript-like syntax Performance : Potentially optimized for complex queries Community & Resources : Growing community, good documentation Real-time Features : Real-time subscriptions for data updates Offline Support : Not currently supported Integrations : Actions for seamless external API calls Cost : Free tier with usage limits Database Type: Relational (PostgreSQL) Schema Definition: Defined separately using a schema editor Developer Experience: Might require more manual configuration Query Language: Standard SQL Performance: Performance may vary depending on application Community & Resources: Larger community, more resources available Real-time Features: Real-time subscriptions for data updates Offline Support: Potential for offline functionality with Edge Functions Integrations: Supports various external integrations Cost: Free tier with generous resource limits Self-Hosting: Available To conclude, both Convex and Supabase bring robust features to the table for web application development. While they have many commonalities, their differences can be determinative depending on your specific needs and preferences. Keep in mind, that this article offers a general comparison; it's encouraged to dig into the documentation and experiment with both platforms to find out which one best meets your unique requirements. If you really want to learn about actually implementing and using Supabase for your next Indie Dev Real-Time Collaboration project then check out my course Real-Time Collaborative Apps with Next.js and Supabase to learn more and get started on building your project right away.

In the evolving space of modern software development, the desire to develop real-time full-stack applications holds considerable worth. These applications flourish on frameworks such as React and Angular, curated for building real-time client-side applications. However, the complexity introduced by server-client communication can be intimidating. Thus, I present to you, "Why opt for Supabase for the construction of real-time applications?" This comprehensive guide aims to shed light on the benefits of Supabase and how it stands out among alternatives like WebSockets or methodologies such as Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) or Operational Transformation (OT) . The focal point of this discourse is the development of a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and the swift progression and testing of features. A crucial skill for software developers is the aptitude to select the appropriate technology, a decision that predominantly relies on experience and knowledge. So why should one consider a cloud-based solution like Supabase over building a real-time algorithm from the ground up? The justification lies in the challenges of managing WebSockets and the related costs. To learn more about Supabase and WebSockets, and how they can be used to create a real-time collaborative app effectively, visit Real-Time Collaborative Apps with Next.js and Supabase . WebSockets provide real-time communication and two-way data flow between clients and servers, making them a suitable choice for real-time applications. However, their deployment is not without challenges: To further expand on the challenges of managing WebSockets and the advantages of implementing Supabase , let's examine a practical example. Figma , a renowned vector graphics editor and prototyping tool, encountered escalating complexity when developing its real-time collaborative editing feature. The conflict resolution algorithm presented numerous technical obstacles. Coordinating changes to certain properties on an object became a potential source of conflicts. Significant performance issues required measurement and tuning, including revamping their file format for enhanced efficiency. This instance highlights the intricacies and challenges that accompany the development of real-time applications, and why a solution like Supabase can be a potential game-changer. The journey of constructing real-time applications can be intricate, given the factors around scalability, network configurations, overhead, and connection maintenance. The selection of technology can heavily influence the development process and the final product. In this context, Supabase surfaces as a promising choice, proposing a cloud-based solution that bypasses the obstacles linked with self-managing WebSockets . By opting for Supabase , developers can concentrate on the swift development and testing of features, hastening the transition from concept to MVP.

WebRTC is a collection of APIs and protocols that facilitates real-time communication directly between browsers. This article dives into the fundamental workings, main components, benefits, use cases, and appropriate use cases for WebRTC usage. The WebRTC journey starts with the MediaStream API . This component provides access to a user's camera and microphone, simplifying the capture of audio and video content, and thereby, playing a crucial role in real-time communication. Central to the functionality of WebRTC is the RTCPeerConnection interface. This component oversees the management of peer-to-peer communication, handling key tasks such as encryption, encoding, and transmission of audio and video data. WebRTC extends beyond media data exchange by offering the RTCDataChannel for the exchange of non-media data. This feature allows peer-to-peer communication of a variety of data types, enhancing its versatility for a range of applications beyond audio and video streaming. Gaining a clear understanding of the WebRTC workflow is integral to fully grasping its capabilities and how it enables seamless real-time communication. Before peers can engage in communication, it's necessary for them to exchange session information. A signaling server aids this exchange of metadata between peers, assisting them in establishing a connection. WebRTC employs the "Offer/Answer" model to negotiate parameters such as codecs, resolutions, and network addresses. This model involves one peer making an offer, and the other responding with an answer, thereby establishing a common base for communication. To navigate obstacles like firewalls and NATs, WebRTC utilizes the Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) framework. This framework employs various techniques, including STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) and TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT) , to enhance connectivity. Upon connection establishment, the MediaStream API captures audio and video from the user's device. The RTCPeerConnection then handles the encoding, encryption, and transmission of this media data between peers. If there's a need to exchange non-media data, the RTCDataChannel is established. This channel facilitates peer-to-peer communication of arbitrary data in a reliable and ordered fashion. WebRTC enables direct communication between peers without the need for intermediaries, ensuring efficient data transfer and low latency. Being supported by major browsers, WebRTC ensures a consistent and reliable user experience. Prioritizing security, WebRTC encrypts media streams and offers mechanisms for secure data transmission. WebRTC proves its efficiency in various real-time communication applications: WebRTC is the technology of choice in the following scenarios: WebRTC has brought about a revolution in the realm of real-time web communication, owing to its simplicity, security features, and cross-browser compatibility. It's a favored technology for developers constructing applications that require peer-to-peer interactions. As the advancement in web technologies continues, WebRTC is poised to remain a significant contributor to the future of online communication. To learn more about WebSockets, and how they can be used to create a real-time collaborative app effectively, visit Real-Time Collaborative Apps with Next.js and Supabase .

Real-time communication between a server and client is a key requirement for the majority of today's web applications. Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a technology that satisfies this need, enabling real-time server-to-client updates over a single HTTP connection. This article dives into the intricacies of SSE, explaining its fundamental concepts, operation, and use cases to help understand how it facilitates seamless and continuous updates in web applications. To fully comprehend SSE, it's vital to note that it is a unidirectional communication channel. This implies that it's primarily designed for use cases where the server has to push updates to the client. Built on standard web technologies, SSE amalgamates the simplicity of HTTP with the familiarity of event-driven programming. The procedure to set up an SSE connection commences with the client initiating an HTTP request. This is achieved by creating an EventSource object in JavaScript. Shown below is a simple piece of code that illustrates this: const eventSource = new EventSource('/sse-endpoint'); The server then reacts to the client's request with the appropriate headers, indicating that this connection will be dedicated to Server-Sent Events . The headers typically appear as follows: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/event-stream Cache-Control: no-cache Connection: keep-alive Here, the Content-Type is specified as text/event-stream , suggesting that the content will be event-based. Following the establishment of the SSE connection, the server can dispatch events to the client whenever required. Each event is a basic plain-text message with a specific format. An example of such an event is: event: update data: This is a message from the server! In this event, the event field represents the type of event, while the data field carries the actual message. One notable feature of SSE is the persistent, keep-alive connection it retains between the client and the server, allowing for continuous communication. Additionally, if the connection gets interrupted, the browser automatically attempts to reconnect. This behavior is ingrained in the SSE specification, ensuring a steady stream of updates. SSE presents several advantages: SSE is useful in various scenarios like live scoreboards, chat applications, and any situation where real-time server-to-client updates are important. SSE is the best choice in the following use cases: Server-Sent Events (SSE) is an efficient and straightforward technology that facilitates real-time server-to-client communication. By utilizing SSE, developers can build highly interactive and responsive web applications that offer users with continuous, real-time updates. With this knowledge, you are now better equipped to make informed decisions when developing real-time collaborative applications. For more insights like this visit Real-Time Collaborative Web Applications .

In the ever-evolving landscape, enhancing server-client communication has always been a pivotal goal. A key player in this evolution has been Long Polling . The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the Long Polling , its process, benefits, challenges, and where it fits best in web development. Long Polling is a communication strategy between the server and the client where the client sends a request to the server. Instead of an immediate response, the server holds the request until fresh data is ready. In this section, I will dissect the Long Polling process into more digestible steps: Long Polling offers several advantages: While Long Polling has its strengths, it also brings several challenges: Long Polling is suitable for specific use cases: Long Polling has been a significant milestone in the evolution of real-time communication on the web. Despite its merits and challenges, web developers should evaluate if Long Polling is the best fit for their specific use case. While newer technologies like WebSockets and SSE offer more efficient alternatives, understanding Long Polling provides valuable insights into the history and advancement of web development techniques. For more insights like this visit Real-Time Collaborative Web Applications .

This blog is dedicated to technologies that can serve as alternatives to the widely-used WebSockets for building real-time collaborative applications. My goal is to help developers unravel the advantages, applicable scenarios, and potential drawbacks of these alternatives, thereby empowering them to select the most fitting technology for their distinct use case. WebSockets have traditionally been the default choice for establishing persistent communication and ensuring low-latency connection for bidirectional data flow between the client and server. These real-time, full-duplex, and instantaneous communication channels are suitable for live applications, chat forums, and gaming platforms. In fact, robust platforms such as Supabase heavily rely on WebSockets to facilitate real-time collaborative features. To learn more Supabase and WebSockets, and how they can be used to create a real-time collaborative app effectively, visit Real-Time Collaborative Apps with Next.js and Supabase . However, WebSockets aren't the only viable option. In this article, we will shed light on three other potent alternatives: Long Polling , WebRTC , and Server-Sent Events . Long Polling , an older yet still relevant technology, serves well in situations where the information does not need to refreshes every second but at intervals of a few seconds or minutes, and where network and resource efficiency are of paramount importance. Applications such as live notifications, stock tickers, financial data updates, auction sites, IoT device status monitoring, sports scores, and event updates can leverage Long Polling . The benefits of Long Polling include: WebRTC is a suite of APIs and protocols that facilitate direct real-time communication between browsers. It eases the development of applications necessitating peer-to-peer communication. Video conferencing, file sharing, and live streaming are some of the use cases for WebRTC . The distinctive features of WebRTC include: Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a one-way communication channel where the server pushes updates to the client. It leverages the simplicity of HTTP and the familiarity of event-driven programming. Real-time notifications, dashboard updates, streaming, stock market updates, IoT device updates, and multi-user collaboration tools are some of the use cases for SSE . The advantages of SSE include: As developers, it's crucial to not confine ourselves to the only technology we're familiar with. Each technology boasts its unique strengths and weaknesses, and the choice is largely guided by the specific requirements of the project. This article offered a broad overview of three powerful alternatives to WebSockets for building real-time collaborative apps. With this knowledge, you are now better equipped to make informed decisions when developing real-time collaborative applications.

This article aims to tackle the challenges encountered while implementing real-time collaboration and provide insights on how to simplify these complexities. Let's embark on this journey together and make the task of creating a Real-Time Collaboration App easier. Developing a Real-Time Collaboration App is not a cakewalk. There are several facets that make this task challenging. Here are some of the primary hurdles that developers often face: While the task seems intimidating, there are strategies to simplify it. The first step is to select a suitable Tech Stack according to your specific use case. For a real-time collaborative app, the recommended tech stack includes Next.js with Supabase , Tailwind CSS , and Typescript . To learn more about this specific tech stack see Real-Time Collaborative App with Next.js and Supabase . The following is just an overview of what you will learn in the course. Supabase leverages PostgreSQL to offer robust transactional integrity and complex queries, crucial for managing consistency in collaborative environments. This setup allows developers to implement complex business logic directly at the database level, ensuring consistency across user interactions. TypeScript enhances this process by providing strong typing, which aids in crafting clearer and error-checked code, essential for developing complex algorithms and ensuring consistent component interactions. For handling latency and network issues, Next.js plays a significant role. It supports both server-side rendering (SSR) and static site generation (SSG), which can be crucial for minimizing load times and improving the responsiveness of the application. This is particularly beneficial in real-time apps where user experience depends heavily on interaction speeds. Additionally, Supabase’s real-time subscriptions efficiently handle data synchronization between clients and the server, reducing latency by updating client states immediately as changes occur in the database. Moreover, implementing undo/redo functionality, which is critical for collaborative applications like document editing or design tools, can be managed through custom logic that tracks changes in the application state. TypeScript's type safety ensures that operations linked to undo/redo functionalities are accurately implemented, reducing bugs and enhancing the overall stability of the feature. This stack not only supports rapid development but also addresses key technical needs of real-time collaborative applications, making it a strong choice for developers aiming to build scalable, efficient, and user-friendly apps. Here are some steps to make your real-time collaboration app development journey smoother: Creating a Real-Time Collaboration App is a complex process, with challenges ranging from complex algorithmic requirements to consistency management . However, with the right approach and methodology, these complexities can be simplified. By choosing the appropriate tech stack and following a structured approach to development, you can fast-track the process and create a robust and efficient real-time collaboration app. Remember, the first step in creating a successful real-time collaboration app is selecting the right tech stack and methodology for your project. Embrace these challenges head-on, and always continue learning and improving. Wishing you happy coding!

In this blog, I will explore a critical decision that Indie Hackers and startups often grapple with, which is selecting the ideal real-time database platform for building a Real-Time Collaborative Application with Next.js. My focus in this blog will be on Firebase , AWS Amplify , and Supabase , dissecting their features, limitations, and costs, and ultimately pinpointing the most suitable platform for Indie Hackers. When it comes to platforms for real-time database applications, three platforms stand out: Firebase , AWS Amplify , and Supabase . Each has its strengths, but not all are perfectly tailored to the specific requirements of Indie Hackers, particularly those primarily concerned with developing a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and swift feature development and testing. Firebase is a powerful platform, but it may prove expensive for Indie Hackers and startups. Firebase faces scalability challenges, particularly as user base and complexity increase. Its pricing model can become expensive with high database operations and extensive bandwidth usage. Additionally, Firebase's limited query capabilities can lead to performance issues in larger datasets, requiring additional services or workarounds. Also, its single-region hosting for databases can cause higher latencies for global applications, negatively affecting user experience. Managing these aspects often involves careful planning and integration with other services to maintain performance and cost efficiency at scale. Amplify provides smooth integration with AWS services but it requires a thorough grasp of the AWS ecosystem and its intricacies. Moreover, AWS's billing structures can be complex and hard to navigate, adding an additional layer of complexity for Indie Hackers and startups. In contrast to Firebase and Amplify , Supabase , equipped with Firebase-like features, is open-source and thus free of cost. With features such as a Postgres database, Authentication, instant APIs, Edge Functions, Realtime subscriptions, Storage, and Vector embeddings, you can construct your MVP using Supabase within a weekend. Supabase also boasts a user-friendly dashboard and UI tools for managing and visualizing data, enhancing its accessibility. Supabase stands out for its superior real-time communication between the client and server, the cornerstone of all real-time full-stack applications. Putting Firebase and Amplify aside as database platforms, we still need to comprehend why Supabase outperforms other alternatives like webSockets or algorithms such as Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) or Operational Transformation (OT) for immediate database read and write operations. WebSockets necessitate handling all the server-side setup and related costs. Moreover, you're likely to face complications regarding scalability, firewall and proxy issues, bandwidth and server resources overhead, and connection management, among others. Supabase encompasses all the critical elements for a successful Real-Time Collaboration Application, making it the perfect platform for rapidly developing and testing an MVP. 1 to 1 Chat Supabase can efficiently handle 1 to 1 chats through its real-time subscriptions, allowing direct and immediate updates for messages between two users. Its built-in authentication and security features also simplify managing user identities and permissions. Room Chat For room chats, where multiple users communicate in a shared space, Supabase's real-time updates ensure that messages are consistently and instantly pushed to all participants in the room. This scenario benefits from the robust backend structure Supabase provides, although managing larger groups might require careful handling of data throughput and connection limits. Real-time Dashboards Applications that require real-time monitoring and reporting can leverage Supabase’s instant APIs and real-time capabilities to display updated data without delay. IoT Applications In scenarios where IoT devices send continuous data streams to the backend, Supabase can handle real-time data ingestion and updates efficiently, making it suitable for real-time tracking and monitoring applications. Why opt for Next.js for your tech stack? The justification lies in the Indie Hacker's objective: to create and test an MVP within a single week that can be scaled from 10 to a million users seamlessly. Next.js accelerates the development process with its support for server-side rendering (SSR) and static site generation (SSG), enabling rapid setup of a performant, SEO-friendly front-end. This flexibility allows for fast loading times, crucial for retaining users during the MVP phase. The framework also simplifies page creation and management through its file-based routing system, where adding a JavaScript file in the pages directory automatically configures routing. API routes can be seamlessly created within the same project structure, streamlining the handling of backend functionalities directly alongside the front end, which is essential for quickly testing hypotheses. Next.js integrates well with Supabase, which handles backend functionalities like database operations, authentication, and real-time updates efficiently. This combination allows for dynamic and interactive applications. Tailwind CSS's utility-first approach facilitates rapid, customizable styling, enabling quick design iterations without heavy CSS overheads, complementing Next.js's fast development cycle. The framework is built with scalability in mind, effectively handling increases in traffic from a few users to millions. Features like automatic code splitting, lazy loading, and image optimization ensure that only necessary resources are loaded, enhancing performance. For global scalability, Next.js supports incremental static regeneration, allowing pages to be pre-rendered and updated incrementally, thus reducing server load and improving user experience across different regions. Finally, Next.js benefits from robust community support and a rich ecosystem of plugins and integrations, thanks to its affiliation with the Vercel platform. This vast community resource pool and third-party tool availability extend the functionality of applications, making Next.js a reliable choice for developers aiming to build and scale an MVP rapidly. This framework, in combination with Supabase, Tailwind CSS, and TypeScript, offers a comprehensive solution for developing high-quality applications efficiently. To wrap up, while Firebase and Amplify do have their merits, but their cost and complexity make them less suitable for Indie Hackers and startups. Conversely, Supabase , with its open-source status, comprehensive features, and user-friendly interface, emerges as the top choice. Paired with Next.js , it offers a robust platform for creating and testing MVPs for Real-Time Collaborative Apps. For more insights visit Real-Time Collaborative Web Applications with Next.js and Supabase , TypeScript , and Tailwind CSS . When used in conjunction, these tools form a well-rounded tech stack that can expedite Indie Hackers' journey toward their goals.

Navigating through the landscape of real-time collaboration apps presents a number of challenges, regardless of whether one is dealing with a simple chat app or a complex collaborative board. Node.js faces several challenges in the context of real-time collaboration apps, particularly around synchronization , latency , conflict resolution , and scalability . Its single-threaded nature can lead to bottlenecks under CPU-intensive tasks, potentially worsening latency issues and complicating synchronization of user activities in real-time. When it comes to conflict resolution , the platform does not provide built-in mechanisms, requiring developers to implement these features manually, which can be error-prone and inefficient. Regarding scalability , while Node.js handles a large number of simultaneous connections well, its performance can degrade under the computational demands of complex collaborative environments. Node.js also does not inherently offer offline support , which is critical for a seamless user experience in collaborative apps, necessitating additional solutions. Security in Node.js, crucial for collaborative apps, often demands extensive customization and additional modules, increasing development complexity. Resource optimization and ensuring cross-platform compatibility also pose challenges, as they can require a variety of additional tools and libraries to achieve efficient outcomes. This article dives deep into the reasons why Node.js may not measure up for real-time collaborative apps in certain use cases and suggests possible alternatives. For applications that rely on heavy mathematical operations, data analysis, or elaborate number crunching, Node.js may not be the go-to option. Node.js might fall short when dealing with computation-heavy algorithms that demand intense CPU-bound tasks. This includes graphical editing applications that heavily depend on matrix manipulation and require significant number crunching. Node.js does not inherently offer real-time capabilities. To make this a reality, it requires integration with other libraries such as Socket.IO or employing a framework like Meteor. However, this introduces more setup and fine-tuning, especially when starting from scratch. Node.js lacks built-in support for managing shared state, a crucial aspect in the development of real-time collaboration features. Scaling a real-time collaborative application horizontally (adding more servers) can introduce a level of complexity. Ensuring consistent data across different server instances and managing session persistence become challenging tasks in Node.js. Considering building a real-time collaborative app? Especially if you're an indie developer or targeting to release an MVP, it might be worth considering a different tech stack. A recommended stack includes Next.js, Supabase, Tailwind CSS, and Typescript. This tech combination offers a robust solution for synchronization, latency, conflict resolution, scalability, security, offline support, resource optimization, and cross-platform compatibility. Some of the well know companies that are already using this tech stack include: While Node.js is incredibly powerful, it's crucial to grasp its limitations when it comes to real-time collaborative apps. Other tech stacks, such as Next.js, Supabase, Tailwind CSS, and Typescript, can offer a more robust solution that caters to the specific needs of real-time collaborative applications. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different technologies will enable you to make an informed choice for your project. As always, the best tool depends on the specific requirements of your project. To learn more about the recommended tech stack for Indie Developers, visit Real-Time Collaborative App With Next.js and Supabase .