Common Statistical LLM Evaluation Metrics and what they Mean

In one of our earlier articles , we touched on statistical metrics and how they can be used in evaluation - we also briefly discussed precision, recall, and F1-score in our article on benchmarking . Today, we’ll go into more detail on how to apply these metrics more directly, and more complex metrics derived from these that can be used to assess LLM performance. This is a standard measure in statistics, and has long been used to measure the performance of ML systems. In simple terms, this is a measure of how many samples are correctly categorised (true positives) or predicted by a model out of the total set of samples predicted to be positive (true positives + false positives). If we take a simple examples of an ML tool that takes a photo as an input and tells you if there is a dog in the picture, this would be:
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